4. Numerical Model

Atmospheric dynamics
The model atmosphere is 2-D anelastic system.
The effect of rotation is not considered.
The atmospheric composition is assumed to be CO2 only.
The subgrid turbulent mixing is evaluated by 2'nd order turbulent closure scheme(Klemp and Wilhelmson, 1978). 
The surface momentum and heat fluxes are given by the bulk formula (Louis, 1979, The value of roughness length is 1 cm (Sutton et al., 1978)).

The spatial distribution of dust is calculated by advection diffusion equation .
The representation of dust terminal velocity follows Conrath (1975).
The radius of dust particle is 0.4 μm.

Radiation 
The atmospheric radiation is calculated by a narrow band model. 
Solar : 4.3,  2.7,  2.0 μm,  Infrared: 15 μm
The radiative transfer of dust is calculated by a δ- Eddington approximation model
Solar : 0.1-5 μm,             Infrared: 5-11.6, 20-200 μm

Grand surface thermal model
The grand temperature is calculated by 1-D thermal conduction equation.
The physical parameters are same as those of Kieffer et al. (1977) standard model.