Hierarchical models (SPMODEL) SPMODEL (Takehiro et al., 2002): A set of typical spectral models in GFD. Define and prepare spectral operators Fourier and Legendre transformation in ISPACK (Ishioka, 2002) is used. For a given geometry, a set of spectral functions and transformations, derivatives, and so on are prepared. Eliminate indices from variables Fortran 90 features Operators and variables A standardized way of coding Data I/O: gt4f90io Readability may be improved.